Elder Care: Part I   The Aging Process

“Cast me not off in the time of old age; forsake me not when my strength faileth.”   (Psalm 71:9)

                 In this series of articles, we are presenting some general information about aging and care of the elder members of our families. The focus for this presentation is on the normal changes which occur as one grows older. 

                Theories of Aging. There are a number of theories about the aging process.  For example, a biologic aging theory proposes changes in cells and physiological regulatory functions are “programmed” genetically to last a specified time.  Another theory suggests the immune system declines, giving the opportunity for infections, cancer, etc. to develop.  Yet, none of the current theories provide a satisfactory explanation.  Many of the aspects of previously associated with aging are now known to result from lack of physical conditioning or disease processes.  There are two types of aging: primary aging refers to universal biologic changes, like gray hair and wrinkles; and secondary aging refers to damage imposed by the bodily systems conditions.  The focus of this discussion is on primary aging.  Generally, to the degree we can anticipate normal changes, then to a similar degree we may acclimate to the inevitable.  There are a lot of myths about being elderly that are not necessarily true. 

                Physical Stamina.  One of the tasks of late adulthood is adjusting to declining physical strength and health.  The ability to maintain the pace of life of the third and fourth decades diminishes gradually.  Many do not notice this decline in physical stamina until the after the sixth or seventh decade of life.  Research shows the reduced activity of older adults is correlated with physical disability rather than with mental, social, and general health status.^[1]

                Relationships.  Other tasks of late adulthood are accepting reorganization of family patterns, adjusting to death of significant others, and establishing friendships with one’s age group.  Psychosocial research indicates adult development progresses with aging rather than declines.  Older adults, in comparison with younger adults, have a strong sense of self and are well equipped to interact meaningfully with others.  They can transcend conflict and transform complex problems into meaningful experiences.  Older adults also can maintain close, intimate relations and be sexually active into and beyond the eighth decade.^[2]  The need for loving and touching remains constant across the life span.  Older adults appreciate the value of love, trust and mutual regard, and they tend to have a strong sense of commitment for those they hold in close interpersonal relationships, for family, and for beloved friends.

                Mental Attentiveness. On the other hand, the older adult does experience decreased mental dexterity and flexibility in thinking, and may not remember details as well as younger adults.  However, the older adult is better equipped to develop realistic solutions to problems than the younger.  Because of a sense of history and the way things were, the older adult is quite competent in predicting future consequences.  Research has shown that a cognitive capability remains relatively stable through one’s lifetime.  But the younger adult performs better on tests that are timed and require speed.^[3]

By Bonnie Battey, Ph.D., R.N. Originally published (1996-97) in the newsletter of Good Shepherd Evangelical Lutheran Church, Front Royal, Virginia and peer reviewed by the Health and Wellness Committee members: Robin Nida, R.N.*; Jean White, BSN, R.N.*;  Alfred L.“Chip” White, Esq.; Pastor Robert Jones; & Bonnie Duldt Ph.D., R.N.*, Chair. (*Volunteer Parish Nurses); also S. Preston Childress, Jr., M.D.

Updated, 8/2007 in consultation with certified nurse gerontologist, Mary Ann Slaughter, MA RN,C CPHRM.

© 2007, Bonnie Weaver Battey.